Monday, May 13, 2013

Ch. 12 Notes and Exercises


Chapter 12 Notes: Argument by Definition

What is Argument by Definition?
·      Writing an essay that depends on your definition of a key term
·      Argue that something fits/doesn’t fit your definition
·      Examples:
o   Do minorities receive quality health care? DEFINE quality
o   Should the rich pay more taxes than others? DEFINE rich
o   Is cheerleading really a sport? DEFINE sport
Developing Definitions
·      Success of argument = ability to define term so readers can see its validity
·      Dictionary Definitions (Formal Definitions)
o   Term to be defined, general class to which term belongs, qualities of term that differentiate the term from other terms in class
·      Extended Definitions
o   Formal definitions not enough to define complex/abstract terms
o   Give example of research sources that fit definition.
o   Effective examples= relevant to argument
·      Operational Definitions
o   Defines some by telling how it acts or works
o   Abstract concept into concrete concept
·      Structuring an Argument by Definition
o   Introduction: establish context for argument; explains need for defining term; presents thesis
o   Evidence (first point in support of thesis): provide short definition of term, and extended definition
o   Evidence (second point) Shows how term does/doesn’t fit definition
o   Refutation of opposing arguments: Addresses questions about or objections to definition, considers other possible definitions
o   Conclusion: Reinforce main point of argument; strong concluding statement

Exercise 12.1 Identifying the Elements of an Argument by Definition
·      In your own words summarize the essay’s thesis
o   The writer’s thesis is that the term “wife beater “for a style of shirt is a strange name for an undershirt; despite the fact that negative stereotypes behind the term are disturbing, it is now ok to say the term without offending anyone.
·      According to Smith. What three problems are associated with defining the term wife-beater?
o   The name, supposedly, refers to popular culture figures not to spousal abuse
o   The  trend toward wearing wife beaters could promote male dominance, which is associated with spousal abuse.
o   Wife-beaters for men and women are considered sexy…there should be a better term that “connotes sexy” rather than violence
·      Why does Smith include dictionary definitions of “wife-beater?” How is her definition different from these dictionary definitions?
o   Smith includes dictionary definitions so that she can counter argue the definitions using her definition.  The oxford dictionary definition for the term wife beater has two different definitions: 1) A man who physically abuses his wife and 2) Tank-style underwear shirts. Origin: based on the stereotype that physically abusive husbands wear that particular type of shirt.
o   She believes that the definition of  the term wife-beater is an inappropriate definition for an undergarment that is trending in today’s pop-culture because it promotes male dominance and violent.
·      Where does Smith introduce possible objections to her definition of wife-beater? Does she refute them convincingly?
o   In paragraphs 9 and 10 Smith introduces objections to her definition of  wife beater.
She does refute the objections convincingly.  In paragraphs 11 through 14 she provides startling evidence regarding spousal abuse that contradicts the common belief that it

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